English Views: 8524 Author: Phoenix Publish Time: 2023-11-10 Origin: Phoenix Breeding Equipment
Continuing from the previous article：Feeding And Management of Broiler Chickens(1)
Ventilation management
Purpose:
Eliminate harmful gases in the house and take away excess heat and air-cooling effects.
Minimal ventilation management:
The minimum ventilation volume is the maintenance requirement of the chickens. That is to say, if the ventilation volume is lower than the minimum ventilation volume, it will threaten the lives of the chickens and the health of the chickens cannot be guaranteed.
Normal is 1.0-1.5m3/h/kg body weight (0.6-0.9CFM/kg), extreme cold is 0.8m3/h/kg (0.5CFM/kg) body weight, and high quality is 2-3m3/h/kg body weight. Take 5 minutes for one cycle.
Negative pressure:
The negative pressure of the chicken house can ensure that the incoming air reaches the highest point of the chicken house where the hot air accumulates. The choice of negative pressure depends on the width of the chicken house and the distance traveled in the chicken house. When the incoming cold air mixes with the warmer air, it increases the amount of moisture in the air, thereby lowering the relative humidity. Because cooler air is heavier, it forces warm air down to the floor, increasing the temperature of the chicken nest.
Transitional ventilation: In the cold winter season, roof ventilation can be adopted in the early stage. When the roof ventilation reaches 5 fans (40000m³/h), it can be adjusted to longitudinal ventilation mode.
Longitudinal ventilation: When the chicken house is overheated and requires air cooling effect, it changes from transitional ventilation to longitudinal ventilation.
Chicken back wind speed:
In the early stage of breeding, special attention should be paid to the air cooling effect (it will be 1-2 times the normal). Generally, the wind speed on the back of chickens aged 0-14 days should not exceed 0.5m/s, those between 15-21 days old should not exceed 0.5m/s, and those between 22-28 days old should not exceed 0.8m/s. In order to cool down in summer, the design wind speed of the chicken house can reach more than 2.8 meters/second.
Precautions:
The air quality in every corner of the chicken house must be normal. Pay attention to the sealing of the chicken house, especially when the fan is disabled in winter. If the wind speed is not enough, you can install a windshield curtain to increase the wind speed.
Daily management
Appropriate light can speed up the weight gain of broilers, strengthen the blood circulation of chicks, increase appetite, help calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and enhance the immunity of chicks. However, if the lighting program of our chicken house is unreasonable, the lighting is too strong or too weak, and the lighting time is too long or too short, it will have adverse effects on the chickens. The first thing I want to talk about is how to scientifically install artificial lighting equipment in chicken houses. The distance between the lights in each chicken house should be 1.5 times the distance between the lights and the chickens. The horizontal distance between the lights and the wall should be 1.5 times the distance between the lights and the wall. 2/1; The installation positions of each light should be staggered and evenly distributed. The number of light bulbs installed in each chicken house can be arranged and installed according to the above-mentioned lamp spacing and the distance between the lamp and the wall. After the lighting equipment is installed according to the above requirements , the distribution of lighting equipment in the chicken house is in a relatively reasonable range.
The current growth rate of white-feathered broilers is relatively fast, which leads to the contradiction between the rapid growth of muscles and the lagging development of internal organs such as heart and lungs. Because many farmers adopt some wrong practices in the early stage of raising, the growth rate of broiler chicks in the early stage is reduced. If the speed is too fast, the contradiction between muscle growth and internal organ development of broiler chicks will become more prominent. Underdeveloped internal organs of chickens will lead to a decrease in the body's disease resistance. Diseases will become more common and difficult to treat. All chickens that grow well in the early stage will end up with poor growth. In the later stage, there is a strange phenomenon of frequent disease and difficulty in feeding.
The key to solving this contradiction is to control the material and light well, control the growth rate of muscles in the early stage of the chicks, adjust the light intensity, promote the growth and development of internal organs, and enhance the body's disease resistance; solve the problem of difficulty in treating broiler chickens after they become ill in the later stage , high cost, and high mortality rate; use light control and the characteristics of broiler growth compensation to control feed intake, reduce feed-to-meat ratio, ultimately reduce breeding risks, and improve the economic benefits of broiler growth.
Material control and light control management
In the actual production process, many farmers have never thought about controlling the weight of chickens. They think that eating more chickens is a good thing and the faster they grow, the better. This means that my chickens are well raised. As a result, the weight of the 14-day-old chicks usually reaches more than 450 grams. This often results in the chicks growing too fast in the early stage and slowing down in the later stage, with high feed-to-meat ratio, prone to disease and difficult to control.
The chicks should eat freely for 10 days before entering the chicks, with small amounts and frequent meals.
Pay attention to the growth of the chicken after 10 days.
It is advisable to let the weight of the chicken reach 300 grams at 14 days of age.
From the age of 14 days, each chick should add a total of 2.5 grams of feed every other day based on the original feed intake. If it is found that the chicks are growing faster, the feed amount supplied the previous day should be maintained without increasing or decreasing.
Make sure the weight is 600 grams at 21 days of age. 14. The weight at 21 days of age is very critical. If you control this stage well, more than half of the breeding success will be achieved.
From the 22nd to the 28th day of age, based on the original feed intake, a total of 2.5 grams of feed was added every day.
From the 29th day of age, the feed is increased by 5 grams per day. Everyone needs to be reminded that the lanugo hair on the head of the chicken must be shed before 35 days of age. The lanugo hair shed is a sign of the development of the body's immune organs and other organs, and is also a sign of the end of broiler brooding. If the lanugo does not fade, do not increase the feed amount cumulatively. Maintain the feed amount for 1-2 days according to the day before yesterday. If the lanugo does not fade, add more feed for 1-2 days, and maintain for another 1-2 days. Generally, increase the feed for a few days. Will fade. After the lanugo has fallen off, the feed should be continuously increased by 5 grams per day.
From 36 to 42 days of age, a cumulative increase of 7.5 grams of feed per day is required.
From the age of 43 days, the feed will be increased by 5 grams every day. As long as the feed is not enough, the feed will be increased every day. If the feed is not enough, the feed amount will be maintained for a few days. At this time, the food intake of each chicken per day is limited to 210-215 grams.
Three days before sale, increase the light, increase the frequency of feeding, and feed as much as you want without limiting the feeding. However, it must be noted that continuous feeding cannot exceed three days. If the chicken cannot be sold for more than three days, 1,000 chickens must quickly reduce the feed by 40 kg, use kidney swollen detoxification medicine to drink water, and cannot feed to maintain this feeding amount until they are sold.
light control program
The first purpose of light control is to combine it with the material control. Controlling the material without controlling light will not only make it difficult to control the weight, but also cause restlessness due to hunger, fighting for food, fighting and feather pecking, etc., which will increase the death rate; the second purpose of light control is to Keeping the chicken quiet in a dark light environment is beneficial to the development of the chicken's internal organs.
1-7 days old, 22-24 hours of light, intensity (lamp 1.8 meters above the ground) 2.5-4 watts/㎡.
8-13 days old, 16 hours of light, intensity is about 1 watt/㎡.
From 14 to 21 days old, except for early spring and winter, when supplementary light is provided until 8 o'clock in the evening, natural lighting is used in all other seasons, and no supplementary light is provided at night.
From 22 to 42 days old, increase the light for 1 hour every day, maintain the maximum light time for 22 hours, and the intensity is about 1 watt/㎡.
After 43 days of age, maintain 22 hours of light with an intensity of 3-4 watts/㎡.
The lighting time in the first three days of sale is 23-24 hours, and the lighting intensity is 4-5 watts/㎡.
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